Linux 小技巧：在 CentOS7 安装 XRDP 远程桌面服务器

服务器 0

1）图形界面安装

CentOS7 没有图形化操作可能对很多人来说都不太习惯，下面我们来为 CentOS7 安装图形化界面，本文以安装 GNOME 图形化为例

**写在安装前： **如果你的 CentOS7 是最小化安装，默认都是不带 XWINDOWS 的

  1. 配置公网 Yum 源
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/backupmv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/backupcat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF[base]name=basebaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos//$releasever/os//$basearch/         https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos//$releasever/os//$basearch/         https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos//$releasever/os//$basearch/        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos//$releasever/os//$basearch/        http://mirrors.163.com/centos//$releasever/os//$basearch/        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos//$releasever/os//$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-/$releasever[epel]name=epelbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel//$releasever//$basearch/        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel//$releasever//$basearch/        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel//$releasever//$basearch/        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel//$releasever//$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-/$releasever[extras]name=extrasbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos//$releasever/extras//$basearch/        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos//$releasever/extras//$basearch/        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos//$releasever/extras//$basearch/        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos//$releasever/extras//$basearch/        http://mirrors.163.com/centos//$releasever/extras//$basearch/        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos//$releasever/extras//$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-/$releasever[updates]name=updatesbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos//$releasever/updates//$basearch/        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos//$releasever/updates//$basearch/        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos//$releasever/updates//$basearch/        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos//$releasever/updates//$basearch/        http://mirrors.163.com/centos//$releasever/updates//$basearch/        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos//$releasever/updates//$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-/$releasever[centosplus]name=centosplusbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos//$releasever/centosplus//$basearch/        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos//$releasever/centosplus//$basearch/        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos//$releasever/centosplus//$basearch/        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos//$releasever/centosplus//$basearch/        http://mirrors.163.com/centos//$releasever/centosplus//$basearch/        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos//$releasever/centosplus//$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-/$releaseverEOFyum clean allyum repolist

输入安装 GNOME Desktop 命令

// < '桌面二选一' >1. yum groupinstall -y "GNOME Desktop" 	# GNOME DESKTOP2. yum groupinstall -y "MATE Desktop"		# MATE DESKTOP

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安装完毕后，需要 设置默认从图形化界面启动

// 设置成图形模式systemctl set-default graphical.target

重启系统

reboot

2）VNC 服务安装

Linux 系统在服务器上一般都直接最小化安装，并未安装图形界面，但是有时候，有一些特殊情况，需要使用图形界面。< 当然，其实我们也可以直接通过 XServer 转发至 Windows 显示 >
下面我将利用 VNC 来实现类似 Windows 的远程桌面功能。

首先，系统需要有图形界面，可以在安装系统的时候一起安装 GNOME，或者后面再安装也行，下面即安装方法。

  1. 配置公网 Yum 源
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/backupmv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/backupcat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF[base]name=basebaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos//$releasever/os//$basearch/         https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos//$releasever/os//$basearch/         https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos//$releasever/os//$basearch/        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos//$releasever/os//$basearch/        http://mirrors.163.com/centos//$releasever/os//$basearch/        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos//$releasever/os//$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-/$releasever[epel]name=epelbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel//$releasever//$basearch/        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel//$releasever//$basearch/        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel//$releasever//$basearch/        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel//$releasever//$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-/$releasever[extras]name=extrasbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos//$releasever/extras//$basearch/        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos//$releasever/extras//$basearch/        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos//$releasever/extras//$basearch/        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos//$releasever/extras//$basearch/        http://mirrors.163.com/centos//$releasever/extras//$basearch/        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos//$releasever/extras//$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-/$releasever[updates]name=updatesbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos//$releasever/updates//$basearch/        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos//$releasever/updates//$basearch/        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos//$releasever/updates//$basearch/        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos//$releasever/updates//$basearch/        http://mirrors.163.com/centos//$releasever/updates//$basearch/        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos//$releasever/updates//$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-/$releasever[centosplus]name=centosplusbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos//$releasever/centosplus//$basearch/        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos//$releasever/centosplus//$basearch/        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos//$releasever/centosplus//$basearch/        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos//$releasever/centosplus//$basearch/        http://mirrors.163.com/centos//$releasever/centosplus//$basearch/        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos//$releasever/centosplus//$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-/$releaseverEOFyum clean allyum repolist
  1. 安装 GNOME 桌面
// 列出的组软件包列表// < '桌面二选一' >yum grouplistyum groupinstall -y "GNOME Desktop"			// 安装 GNOME DESKTOPyum groupinstall -y "MATE Desktop"			// 安装 MATE Desktop# 安装完成后, 修改默认启动方式为图形化界面// 设置成图形模式systemctl set-default graphical.target  # 如果要换回来// 设置成命令模式systemctl set-default multi-user.target

然后重启即可。

  1. 安装 VNC SERVER
yum install tigervnc-server -y
  1. 将 root 用户的 VNC 端口 设置为 Service 服务
// 复制一个 Service 服务设置模板cp /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service// 修改此服务配置# 以下为 root 用户的配置, 每一个用户, 都需要单独设置一个监听服务, 且配置不同vim /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@/:1.service[Unit]Description=Remote desktop service (VNC)After=syslog.target network.target[Service]Type=forkingUser=root# Clean any existing files in /tmp/.X11-unix environmentExecStartPre=-/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %iExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l root -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"PIDFile=/root/.vnc/%H%i.pidExecStop=-/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target
  1. 设置 VNC 密码，VNC 的密码跟系统的用户密码不一样，是使用 VNC 客户端登陆时需要使用的密码。
[root@localhost ~] vncpasswdPassword:Verify:Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n		# 这里不添加只读账号密码A view-only password is not used
  1. 启动服务，验证端口
# 设为开机启动systemctl start vncserver@:1systemctl enable vncserver@:1# 查看服务监听的端口netstat -lnpt | grep Xvnc# 根据监听的端口# 进行端口开放# 每个用户会对应一个端口, 第一个用户默认为 5901 端口, 我这里是 root 用户firewall-cmd --add-port=5901/tcp --permanentfirewall-cmd --reload

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  1. 到此 VNC 服务就已经安装完成了。然后需要使用 VNC 客户端进行连接。

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**注意：MATE DESKTOP **桌面可能会出现如下状况

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解决

< '解决' >vim ~/.vnc/xstartupunset SESSION_MANAGERunset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS/usr/bin/mate-session &

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重启 ROOT 端口服务

systemctl restart vncserver@:1

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完成 VNC 连接~

3）XRDP 服务安装

CentOS7 提供了 “Cinnamon Desktop”，“MATE Desktop”，“GNOME Desktop”，“KDE Plasma Workspaces”，“LXQt Desktop”，**“Xfce” ** 让我们安装。

  1. 我们可以选择自己喜欢的桌面环境，在这里选择安装 MATE DESKTOP 桌面：
// < '桌面二选一' >yum groupinstall Xfce -yyum groupinstall "MATE Desktop" -y
  1. 安装 XRDP
yum -y install xrdp
  1. 安装完成之后，设置开机默认启动 XRDP
systemctl start xrdp systemctl enable xrdp// 验证端口netstat -nltp | grep 3389

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  1. 创建 ~/.Xclients，设置默认启动 xfce4 桌面
// xfce Desktopecho "xfce4-session" > ~/.Xclientschmod +x .Xclients// mate Desktopecho "mate-session" > ~/.Xclientschmod +x .Xclients
  1. 在 Windows 客户端远程连接

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输入 **Linux 系统 **的账户认证

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大功告成~

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