MATLAB ：【12】手把手教你在Linux以命令行方式（静默方式/非图形化方式）安装MATLAB（正版）

2024-03-15 服务器 0

碎碎念：

~~（我知道我已经鸽了两个月，但是已经攒了很多的稿子没有发）~~

大家好，由于实验室的服务器中没有提供MATLAB的计算资源（~~事实证明是我不知道QAQ~~），在Ubuntu中安装了非图形的MATLAB。

通过参考其他博主的思路，并且利用T大提供的正版资源，中间踩了不少坑，最终实现了非图形化的安装过程。

P.S. 最近在学着录一些技术讲解视频，喜欢的朋友可以看过来哇！（下跪orz）Kirito99的个人空间-Kirito99个人主页-哔哩哔哩视频

1 环境介绍

2 Linux安装MATLAB

2.1 下载对应MATLAB版本

2.2 服务器配置

2.3 MATLAB安装

2.4 MATLAB测试

2.5 配置环境变量

3 参考博客

1 环境介绍

我的服务器系统是Linux的Ubuntu并且没有非图形界面。

所安装的版本是MATLAB的R2021a Linux版本，并且使用非图形界面进行启动。

下面具体介绍安装过程~

2 Linux安装MATLAB

2.1 下载对应MATLAB版本

如果是T大的同学可以直接在学校网站下载对应的Linux版本即可，或者可以在网络上找到合适的安装包。

如果是安装到服务器，可以使用xftp将文件上传到 cd ~ 目录下。

或者本地可以直接使用U盘即可。

同时也要同步上传network.lic这个文件，一并放在同一个目录下。

对于T大同学来说，可以在网站的这个地方找到：

打开后包含如下内容，里面就包含了所需的lic文件。

将network.lic也上传到根目录：

同时需要保存好MATLAB安装序列号，T大的在sn.txt文件中，之后会用到。

2.2 服务器配置

使用SSH连接服务器（本地Linux可以忽略），之后进入命令行操作

更新软件库：apt-get update

安装sudo：apt-get install sudo

升级apt-get：sudo apt-get upgrade

注意这一步比较慢（5-10min）

保持旧版本，选2：

输入：sudo apt-get install build-essential

输入：sudo apt-get install yum

选Y

检测yum是否安装成功，输入yum

出现下面表示成功

安装解压缩软件：sudo apt install p7zip-full p7zip-rar

输入Y：

安装x11库：sudo apt-get install -y libx11-dev

安装库：sudo apt-get install xorg-dev

输入Y

至此，就完成了服务器环境的一些配置，之后可以开始安装MATLAB了！

2.3 MATLAB安装

进入根目录：cd ~

查看文件：ls

新建matlab文件夹：mkdir matlab

解压ISO文件到matlab目录：7z x R2021a_Linux.iso -o./matlab

查看解压后的文件

进入目录：cd matlab/

查看文件：ls

出现上述的内容，证明解压成功。

回到根目录：cd ~

创建安装目录：mkdir ~/Matlab_R2021a

创建安装配置文件：touch ~/installer_input.txt

编辑配置文件：vim ~/installer_input.txt

输入i进入编辑模式

在里面输入以下内容：

###################################################################### Use this file to specify parameters required by the installer at runtime.#### Instructions for using this file.#### 1. Create a copy of this template file and fill in the required##    information.#### 2. Uncomment only those lines that start with a single '#'##    and set the desired values. All allowed values for the##    parameters are defined in the comments section for each##    parameter.#### 3. Launch the installer from the command line, using the -inputFile option##    to specify the name of your installer initialization file.####    (Windows) setup.exe -inputFile <file_name>##    (Linux/macOS) install -inputFile <file_name>########################################################################## SPECIFY INSTALLATION FOLDER## ## Example:##        (Windows) destinationFolder=C:/Program Files/MATLAB/RXXXX##        (Linux) destinationFolder=/usr/local/RXXXX##        (macOS) destinationFolder=/Applications#### Set the desired value for destinationFolder and## uncomment the line.destinationFolder=/root/Matlab_R2021a  #### SPECIFY FILE INSTALLATION KEY#### Example: fileInstallationKey=xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx.....#### Set the desired value for fileInstallationKey and## uncomment the line.##fileInstallationKey=XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX#### ACCEPT LICENSE AGREEMENT#### You must agree to the license agreement to install MathWorks products.## The license agreement can be found in the license_agreement.txt file at the## root level of the installation DVD.#### Example: agreeToLicense=yes#### Set agreeToLicense value to yes or no and## uncomment the line.agreeToLicense=yes#### SPECIFY OUTPUT LOG#### Specify full path of file into which you want the results of the## installation to be recorded.#### Example:##            (Windows) outputFile=C:/TEMP/mathworks_<user_name>.log##            (Linux/macOS) outputFile=/tmp/mathworks_<user_name>.log#### Set the desired value for outputFile and## uncomment the line.outputFile=/root/matlab_install.log #### Enable Login Named User licensing#### Set to Yes to enable use of a Login Named User license for all users of this MATLAB installation## Users must log in to their MathWorks Account when MATLAB starts.#### Example: enableLNU=yes#### NOTE: This flag is valid in silent installations only.# enableLNU=yes#### IMPROVE MATLAB#### Improve MATLAB by sending user experience information to MathWorks.## Your participation ensures that you are represented and helps us design## better products. You can opt in or out of this service either during## installation or by going to MATLAB preferences.## https://www.mathworks.com/support/faq/user_experience_information_faq.htmlimproveMATLAB=yes########## Begin: Options for Network License Types ############# SPECIFY PATH TO LICENSE FILE (Required for network license types only)#### This value is required when installing as a Network End-User## Example:##            (Windows) licensePath=C:/TEMP/license.dat##            (Linux) licensePath=/tmp/license.dat## Set the desired value for licensePath and## uncomment the line.licensePath=/root/network.lic ########## End: Options for Network License Types ########################## Begin - Windows Only Options ################## ## CHOOSE TO SET FILE ASSOCIATIONS## ## Set to true if you want the installer to associate file types used by MathWorks## products to this version of MATLAB, or false if you do not want the installer to## associate MathWorks file types with this version of MATLAB.#### Default value is true.#### Set setFileAssoc value to true or false and## uncomment the line.# setFileAssoc=true#### CHOOSE TO CREATE WINDOWS DESKTOP SHORTCUT#### Set to true if you would like the installer to create a desktop shortcut icon## when MATLAB is installed or false if you don't want the shortcut created.#### Default value is false.#### Set desktopShortcut value to true or false and## uncomment the line.# desktopShortcut=false## CHOOSE TO ADD SHORTCUT TO WINDOWS START MENU#### Set to true if you would like the installer to create a Start Menu shortcut## icon when MATLAB is installed or false if you don't want the shortcut created.#### Default value is true.#### Set startMenuShortcut value to true or false and## uncomment the line.# startMenuShortcut=true## CREATE a MATLAB Startup Accelerator task#### The MATLAB Startup Accelerator installer creates a## system task to preload MATLAB into the system's cache## for faster startup.#### NOTE: By default, a MATLAB Startup Accelerator task will## automatically be created.#### If you want a MATLAB Startup Accelerator task to be created,## do not edit this section.#### Set createAccelTask value to false if you do not want to## create an Accelerator task and uncomment the line.# createAccelTask=true################ End - Windows Only Options ################## SPECIFY PRODUCTS YOU WANT TO INSTALL#### By default, the installer installs all the products and## documentation for which you are licensed. Products you are not licensed for## are not installed, even if they are listed here.#### Note:## 1. To automatically install all your licensed products, do not edit##    any lines in this section.## ## 2. To install a specific product or a subset of products for##    which you are licensed, uncomment the line for the product(s) you want##    to install.#product.5G_Toolbox#product.AUTOSAR_Blockset#product.Aerospace_Blockset#product.Aerospace_Toolbox#product.Antenna_Toolbox#product.Audio_Toolbox#product.Automated_Driving_Toolbox#product.Bioinformatics_Toolbox#product.Communications_Toolbox#product.Computer_Vision_Toolbox#product.Control_System_Toolbox#product.Curve_Fitting_Toolbox#product.DDS_Blockset#product.DO_Qualification_Kit#product.DSP_System_Toolbox#product.Data_Acquisition_Toolbox#product.Database_Toolbox#product.Datafeed_Toolbox#product.Deep_Learning_HDL_Toolbox#product.Deep_Learning_Toolbox#product.Econometrics_Toolbox#product.Embedded_Coder#product.Filter_Design_HDL_Coder#product.Financial_Instruments_Toolbox#product.Financial_Toolbox#product.Fixed-Point_Designer#product.Fuzzy_Logic_Toolbox#product.GPU_Coder#product.Global_Optimization_Toolbox#product.HDL_Coder#product.HDL_Verifier#product.IEC_Certification_Kit#product.Image_Acquisition_Toolbox#product.Image_Processing_Toolbox#product.Instrument_Control_Toolbox#product.LTE_Toolbox#product.Lidar_Toolbox#product.MATLAB#product.MATLAB_Coder#product.MATLAB_Compiler#product.MATLAB_Compiler_SDK#product.MATLAB_Parallel_Server#product.MATLAB_Production_Server#product.MATLAB_Report_Generator#product.MATLAB_Web_App_Server#product.Mapping_Toolbox#product.Mixed-Signal_Blockset#product.Model_Predictive_Control_Toolbox#product.Model-Based_Calibration_Toolbox#product.Motor_Control_Blockset#product.Navigation_Toolbox#product.OPC_Toolbox#product.Optimization_Toolbox#product.Parallel_Computing_Toolbox#product.Partial_Differential_Equation_Toolbox#product.Phased_Array_System_Toolbox#product.Polyspace_Bug_Finder#product.Polyspace_Bug_Finder_Server#product.Polyspace_Code_Prover#product.Polyspace_Code_Prover_Server#product.Powertrain_Blockset#product.Predictive_Maintenance_Toolbox#product.RF_Blockset#product.RF_Toolbox#product.ROS_Toolbox#product.Radar_Toolbox#product.Reinforcement_Learning_Toolbox#product.Risk_Management_Toolbox#product.Robotics_System_Toolbox#product.Robust_Control_Toolbox#product.Satellite_Communications_Toolbox#product.Sensor_Fusion_and_Tracking_Toolbox#product.SerDes_Toolbox#product.Signal_Processing_Toolbox#product.SimBiology#product.SimEvents#product.Simscape#product.Simscape_Driveline#product.Simscape_Electrical#product.Simscape_Fluids#product.Simscape_Multibody#product.Simulink#product.Simulink_3D_Animation#product.Simulink_Check#product.Simulink_Code_Inspector#product.Simulink_Coder#product.Simulink_Compiler#product.Simulink_Control_Design#product.Simulink_Coverage#product.Simulink_Design_Optimization#product.Simulink_Design_Verifier#product.Simulink_Desktop_Real-Time#product.Simulink_PLC_Coder#product.Simulink_Real-Time#product.Simulink_Report_Generator#product.Simulink_Requirements#product.Simulink_Test#product.SoC_Blockset#product.Spreadsheet_Link#product.Stateflow#product.Statistics_and_Machine_Learning_Toolbox#product.Symbolic_Math_Toolbox#product.System_Composer#product.System_Identification_Toolbox#product.Text_Analytics_Toolbox#product.UAV_Toolbox#product.Vehicle_Dynamics_Blockset#product.Vehicle_Network_Toolbox#product.Vision_HDL_Toolbox#product.WLAN_Toolbox#product.Wavelet_Toolbox#product.Wireless_HDL_Toolbox

其中的

destinationFolder=/root/Matlab_R2021a，

outputFile=/root/matlab_install.log

licensePath=/root/network.lic

需要注意填写绝对路径而不是相对路径。

其中的

fileInstallationKey=XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX

需要自己注意修改为对应的安装序列号（T大同学可以在sn.txt中找到自己版本对应的序列号）~

输入完成后，点击Esc退出编辑

输入 :wq 保存结果

修改安装配置文件的权限：sudo chmod 444 ~/installer_input.txt