Linux系统之diff命令的基本使用
- 一、diff命令介绍
- 二、本次实践环境介绍
- 1.操作系统版本
- 2.操作系统内核版本
- 三、diff命令的安装
- 1.检查yum仓库状态
- 2.检查diff工具是否安装
- 3.安装diff
- 四、diff的使用帮助
- 1.Linux中的help帮助
- 2.diff的使用说明
- 五、diff的基本使用
- 1.直接比较文件的区别
- 2.以上下文 (context) 模式比较差异
- 3.指定上下文行数比较
- 4.以联合 (unified) 模式比较差异
- 5.以并列输出
一、diff命令介绍
diff工具的主要作用是比较两个文件的不同。该命令的功能为逐行比较两个文本文件,列出其不同之处。它对给出的文件进行系统的检查, 并显示出两个文件中所有不同的行,不要求事先对文件进行排序。
二、本次实践环境介绍
1.操作系统版本
本次使用的操作系统版本为centos7.6
[root@jeven ~]# cat /etc/centos-releaseCentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
2.操作系统内核版本
操作系统内核版本为3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
[root@jeven ~]# cat /etc/centos-releaseCentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) [root@jeven ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
三、diff命令的安装
1.检查yum仓库状态
检查yum仓库状态
[root@jeven ~]# yum repolist all |grep enable !base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.a enabled: 10,072!docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64 Docker CE Stable - x86_64 enabled: 210!elrepo ELRepo.org Community Enterp enabled: 155!epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterpri enabled: 13,768!extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors enabled: 515!updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirror enabled: 4,839
2.检查diff工具是否安装
centos7默认已安装diff相关包,如未安装,可以直接yum安装即可。
[root@jeven ~]# yum list installed |grep diffutilsdiffutils.x86_64 3.3-4.el7 @anaconda
3.安装diff
使用yum安装diff工具
[root@jeven ~]# yum -y install diffutils-3.3-5.el7.x86_64 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * elrepo: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cnbase | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 docker-ce-stable | 3.5 kB 00:00:00 elrepo | 3.0 kB 00:00:00 epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 Resolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package diffutils.x86_64 0:3.3-4.el7 will be updated---> Package diffutils.x86_64 0:3.3-5.el7 will be an update--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved=============================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size===============================================================================================================================================Updating: diffutils x86_64 3.3-5.el7 base 322 kTransaction Summary===============================================================================================================================================Upgrade 1 PackageTotal size: 322 kDownloading packages:Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction Updating : diffutils-3.3-5.el7.x86_64 1/2 Cleanup : diffutils-3.3-4.el7.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : diffutils-3.3-5.el7.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : diffutils-3.3-4.el7.x86_64 2/2 Updated: diffutils.x86_64 0:3.3-5.el7 Complete!
四、diff的使用帮助
1.Linux中的help帮助
在linux中的–help输出
[root@jeven ~]# diff --helpUsage: diff [OPTION]... FILESCompare FILES line by line.Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. --normal output a normal diff (the default) -q, --brief report only when files differ -s, --report-identical-files report when two files are the same -c, -C NUM, --context[=NUM] output NUM (default 3) lines of copied context -u, -U NUM, --unified[=NUM] output NUM (default 3) lines of unified context -e, --ed output an ed script -n, --rcs output an RCS format diff -y, --side-by-side output in two columns -W, --width=NUM output at most NUM (default 130) print columns --left-column output only the left column of common lines --suppress-common-lines do not output common lines -p, --show-c-function show which C function each change is in -F, --show-function-line=RE show the most recent line matching RE --label LABEL use LABEL instead of file name (can be repeated) -t, --expand-tabs expand tabs to spaces in output -T, --initial-tab make tabs line up by prepending a tab --tabsize=NUM tab stops every NUM (default 8) print columns --suppress-blank-empty suppress space or tab before empty output lines -l, --paginate pass output through 'pr' to paginate it -r, --recursive recursively compare any subdirectories found --no-dereference don't follow symbolic links -N, --new-file treat absent files as empty --unidirectional-new-file treat absent first files as empty --ignore-file-name-case ignore case when comparing file names --no-ignore-file-name-case consider case when comparing file names -x, --exclude=PAT exclude files that match PAT -X, --exclude-from=FILE exclude files that match any pattern in FILE -S, --starting-file=FILE start with FILE when comparing directories --from-file=FILE1 compare FILE1 to all operands; FILE1 can be a directory --to-file=FILE2 compare all operands to FILE2; FILE2 can be a directory -i, --ignore-case ignore case differences in file contents -E, --ignore-tab-expansion ignore changes due to tab expansion -Z, --ignore-trailing-space ignore white space at line end -b, --ignore-space-change ignore changes in the amount of white space -w, --ignore-all-space ignore all white space -B, --ignore-blank-lines ignore changes where lines are all blank -I, --ignore-matching-lines=RE ignore changes where all lines match RE -a, --text treat all files as text --strip-trailing-cr strip trailing carriage return on input -D, --ifdef=NAME output merged file with '#ifdef NAME' diffs --GTYPE-group-format=GFMT format GTYPE input groups with GFMT --line-format=LFMT format all input lines with LFMT --LTYPE-line-format=LFMT format LTYPE input lines with LFMT These format options provide fine-grained control over the output of diff, generalizing -D/--ifdef. LTYPE is 'old', 'new', or 'unchanged'. GTYPE is LTYPE or 'changed'. GFMT (only) may contain: %< lines from FILE1 %> lines from FILE2 %= lines common to FILE1 and FILE2 %[-][WIDTH][.[PREC]]{doxX}LETTER printf-style spec for LETTER LETTERs are as follows for new group, lower case for old group: F first line number L last line number N number of lines = L-F+1 E F-1 M L+1 %(A=B?T:E) if A equals B then T else E LFMT (only) may contain: %L contents of line %l contents of line, excluding any trailing newline %[-][WIDTH][.[PREC]]{doxX}n printf-style spec for input line number Both GFMT and LFMT may contain: %% % %c'C' the single character C %c'/OOO' the character with octal code OOO C the character C (other characters represent themselves) -d, --minimal try hard to find a smaller set of changes --horizon-lines=NUM keep NUM lines of the common prefix and suffix --speed-large-files assume large files and many scattered small changes --help display this help and exit -v, --version output version information and exitFILES are 'FILE1 FILE2' or 'DIR1 DIR2' or 'DIR FILE...' or 'FILE... DIR'.If --from-file or --to-file is given, there are no restrictions on FILE(s).If a FILE is '-', read standard input.Exit status is 0 if inputs are the same, 1 if different, 2 if trouble.Report bugs to: bug-diffutils@gnu.orgGNU diffutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/>General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
2.diff的使用说明
-<行数>:指定要显示多少行的文本。此参数必须与-c或-u参数一并使用;
-a或——text:diff预设只会逐行比较文本文件;
-b或–ignore-space-change:不检查空格字符的不同;
-B或–ignore-blank-lines:不检查空白行;
-c:显示全部内容,并标出不同之处;
-C<行数>或–context<行数>:与执行“-c-<行数>”指令相同;
-d或——minimal:使用不同的演算法,以小的单位来做比较;
-D<巨集名称>或ifdef<巨集名称>:此参数的输出格式可用于前置处理器巨集;
-e或——ed:此参数的输出格式可用于ed的script文件;
-f或-forward-ed:输出的格式类似ed的script文件,但按照原来文件的顺序来显示不同处;
-H或–speed-large-files:比较大文件时,可加快速度;
-l<字符或字符串>或–ignore-matching-lines<字符或字符串>:若两个文件在某几行有所不同,而之际航同时都包含了选项中指定的字符或字符串,则不显示这两个文件的差异;
-i或–ignore-case:不检查大小写的不同;
-l或——paginate:将结果交由pr程序来分页;
-n或——rcs:将比较结果以RCS的格式来显示;
-N或–new-file:在比较目录时,若文件A仅出现在某个目录中,预设会显示:Only in目录,文件A 若使用-N参数,则diff会将文件A 与一个空白的文件比较;
-p:若比较的文件为C语言的程序码文件时,显示差异所在的函数名称;
-P或–unidirectional-new-file:与-N类似,但只有当第二个目录包含了第一个目录所没有的文件时,才会将这个文件与空白的文件做比较;
-q或–brief:仅显示有无差异,不显示详细的信息;
-r或——recursive:比较子目录中的文件;
-s或–report-identical-files:若没有发现任何差异,仍然显示信息;
-S<文件>或–starting-file<文件>:在比较目录时,从指定的文件开始比较;
-t或–expand-tabs:在输出时,将tab字符展开;
-T或–initial-tab:在每行前面加上tab字符以便对齐;
-u,-U<列数>或–unified=<列数>:以合并的方式来显示文件内容的不同;
-v或——version:显示版本信息;
-w或–ignore-all-space:忽略全部的空格字符;
-W<宽度>或–width<宽度>:在使用-y参数时,指定栏宽;
-x<文件名或目录>或–exclude<文件名或目录>:不比较选项中所指定的文件或目录;
-X<文件>或–exclude-from<文件>;您可以将文件或目录类型存成文本文件,然后在=<文件>中指定此文本文件;
-y或–side-by-side:以并列的方式显示文件的异同之处;
–help:显示帮助;
–left-column:在使用-y参数时,若两个文件某一行内容相同,则仅在左侧的栏位显示该行内容;
–suppress-common-lines:在使用-y参数时,仅显示不同之处。
五、diff的基本使用
1.直接比较文件的区别
直接diff比较两个文件的区别,直接显示两个文件不同处的行及行号。
a - add 增加的内容c - change 改变的内容d - delete 删除的内容
[root@jeven tmp]# diff passwd passwd01 18c18< colord:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin---> coloa1rd:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin28c28< unbound:x:994:989:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin---> un1abound:x:994:989:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin43c43< tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin---> 1atcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
2.以上下文 (context) 模式比较差异
会在不同的位置,以上下文的模式来展现两个文件的不同
[root@jeven tmp]# diff -c passwd passwd01 *** passwd 2023-03-11 18:33:21.672772433 +0800--- passwd01 2023-03-11 18:33:39.395771582 +0800****************** 15,21 **** dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin libstoragemgmt:x:998:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin! colord:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin gluster:x:996:993:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin saslauth:x:995:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin--- 15,21 ---- dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin libstoragemgmt:x:998:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin! coloa1rd:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin gluster:x:996:993:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin saslauth:x:995:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin****************** 25,31 **** radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin! unbound:x:994:989:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin chrony:x:993:988::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin--- 25,31 ---- radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin! un1abound:x:994:989:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin chrony:x:993:988::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin****************** 40,46 **** sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin! tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin admin:x:1000:1000:admin:/home/admin:/bin/bash mysql:x:1001:1001::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin redis:x:987:980:Redis Database Server:/var/lib/redis:/sbin/nologin--- 40,46 ---- sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin! 1atcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin admin:x:1000:1000:admin:/home/admin:/bin/bash mysql:x:1001:1001::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin redis:x:987:980:Redis Database Server:/var/lib/redis:/sbin/nologin
3.指定上下文行数比较
指定上下文行数,比较两个文件的不同。
比较的特殊字符:
- 出现在前者,表示后者比前者少一行+ 出现在后者,表示后者比前者多一行- 出现在两者,表示有差别的行
[root@jeven tmp]# diff -C 2 passwd passwd01 *** passwd 2023-03-11 18:33:21.672772433 +0800--- passwd01 2023-03-11 18:33:39.395771582 +0800****************** 16,20 **** polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin libstoragemgmt:x:998:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin! colord:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin gluster:x:996:993:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin--- 16,20 ---- polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin libstoragemgmt:x:998:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin! coloa1rd:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin gluster:x:996:993:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin****************** 26,30 **** rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin! unbound:x:994:989:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin chrony:x:993:988::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin--- 26,30 ---- rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin! un1abound:x:994:989:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin chrony:x:993:988::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin****************** 41,45 **** avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin! tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin admin:x:1000:1000:admin:/home/admin:/bin/bash mysql:x:1001:1001::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin--- 41,45 ---- avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin! 1atcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin admin:x:1000:1000:admin:/home/admin:/bin/bash mysql:x:1001:1001::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
4.以联合 (unified) 模式比较差异
以联合 (unified) 模式比较差异
第一部分,显示两个文件的基本信息。---表示第一个文件,+++ 表示第二个文件。第二部分,@@包围的内容,其中 -15,7 表示输出的内容属于第一个文件的第15行和第21行,+15,7 表示输出的内容属于第二个文件的第15行到第21行,进行合并显示。第三部分,为比较后合并的内容。减号 “-”为变化的部分中第一个文件内容,加号“+”表示变化中第二个文件改变的内容
[root@jeven tmp]# diff -u passwd passwd01 --- passwd 2023-03-11 18:33:21.672772433 +0800+++ passwd01 2023-03-11 18:33:39.395771582 +0800@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin libstoragemgmt:x:998:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin-colord:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin+coloa1rd:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin gluster:x:996:993:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin saslauth:x:995:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin-unbound:x:994:989:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin+un1abound:x:994:989:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin chrony:x:993:988::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin-tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin+1atcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin admin:x:1000:1000:admin:/home/admin:/bin/bash mysql:x:1001:1001::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin redis:x:987:980:Redis Database Server:/var/lib/redis:/sbin/nologin
5.以并列输出
比较两个文件的不同,且并列输出文件的全部内容。
比较的特殊字符:| 表示前后 2 个文件内容有不同< 表示后面文件比前面文件少了 1 行内容> 表示后面文件比前面文件多了 1 行内容
[root@jeven tmp]# diff -y passwd passwd01 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bashbin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologindaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologinadm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologinlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologinsync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/syncshutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdownhalt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/haltmail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologinoperator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologingames:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologinftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologinnobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologinsystemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/ systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologinpolkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologinlibstoragemgmt:x:998:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/v libstoragemgmt:x:998:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/vcolord:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologi | coloa1rd:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nolorpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologingluster:x:996:993:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologi gluster:x:996:993:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologisaslauth:x:995:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin saslauth:x:995:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologinabrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologinrtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologinpulse:x:171:171:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin pulse:x:171:171:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbinradvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologinrpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologinnfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbinunbound:x:994:989:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nol | un1abound:x:994:989:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nchrony:x:993:988::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin chrony:x:993:988::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologinqemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologintss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox t tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox tusbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologingeoclue:x:992:986:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nol geoclue:x:992:986:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nolntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologinsssd:x:991:985:User for sssd:/:/sbin/nologin sssd:x:991:985:User for sssd:/:/sbin/nologinsetroubleshoot:x:990:984::/var/lib/setroubleshoot:/sbin/nolog setroubleshoot:x:990:984::/var/lib/setroubleshoot:/sbin/nologsaned:x:989:983:SANE scanner daemon user:/usr/share/sane:/sbi saned:x:989:983:SANE scanner daemon user:/usr/share/sane:/sbigdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologingnome-initial-setup:x:988:982::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbi gnome-initial-setup:x:988:982::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbisshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/no sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/noavahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/ avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologintcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin | 1atcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologinadmin:x:1000:1000:admin:/home/admin:/bin/bash admin:x:1000:1000:admin:/home/admin:/bin/bashmysql:x:1001:1001::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin mysql:x:1001:1001::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologinredis:x:987:980:Redis Database Server:/var/lib/redis:/sbin/no redis:x:987:980:Redis Database Server:/var/lib/redis:/sbin/nozhangsan:x:1002:1002::/home/zhangsan:/bin/bash zhangsan:x:1002:1002::/home/zhangsan:/bin/bashlisi:x:1003:1003::/home/lisi:/bin/bash lisi:x:1003:1003::/home/lisi:/bin/bashkitty:x:1004:1004::/home/kitty:/bin/bash kitty:x:1004:1004::/home/kitty:/bin/bashapache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin[root@jeven tmp]#