部署PXE服务器实现批量安装操作系统
部署PXE服务器实现批量安装操作系统
- 部署PXE服务器实现批量安装操作系统
- 1.安装相关服务组件
- 1.1 安装tftp和xinetd
- 1.2 安装DHCP服务
- 1.3 准备 Linux 内核、初始化镜像文件、 PXE 引导程序、安装FTP服务并准备安装源
- 1.4 配置启动菜单文件
- 1.5 验证PXE网络安装
- 2. 部署Kickstart无人值守安装
- 2.1 安装kickstart
- 2.2 安装图形化桌面（如已安装可忽略）
- 2.3 配置kickstart选项
- 1.基本配置
- 2.安装方法
- 3.引导装载程序选项
- 4.分区信息
- 5.网络配置
- 6.防火墙配置
- 7.安装后脚本
- 8.保存自动应答文件
- 9.配置需要安装的软件包
- 10.编辑引导菜单文件 default，添加 ks 引导参数
- 11.验证无人值守安装
1.安装相关服务组件
PXE 远程安装服务器集成了 CentOS 7 安装源、TFTP 服务、DHCP 服务，能够向客户机裸机发送 PXE引导程序、Linux 内核、启动菜单等数据，以及提供安装文件
本次部署使用虚拟机，虚拟机系统为CentOS7系统，挂载了本地yum源。
虚拟机网络信息如下：
[root@gbase8c_5_114 yum.repos.d]# ip a1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: ens192: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:50:56:98:f2:36 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.16.5.114/24 brd 172.16.5.255 scope global noprefixroute ens192 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe98:f236/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever#关闭防火墙[root@gbase8c_5_114 pxeboot]# systemctl stop firewalld[root@gbase8c_5_114 pxeboot]# systemctl disable firewalld[root@gbase8c_5_114 pxeboot]# setenforce 0setenforce: SELinux is disabled1.1 安装tftp和xinetd
[root@gbase8c_5_114 yum.repos.d]# yum -y install tftp-server xinetdLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfilebase | 3.6 kB 00:00:00(1/2): base/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00:00(2/2): base/primary_db | 3.3 MB 00:00:00Resolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package tftp-server.x86_64 0:5.2-22.el7 will be installed---> Package xinetd.x86_64 2:2.3.15-14.el7 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved=============================================================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size===============================================================================================================================================================================================================Installing: tftp-server x86_64 5.2-22.el7 base 47 k xinetd x86_64 2:2.3.15-14.el7 base 128 kTransaction Summary===============================================================================================================================================================================================================Install 2 PackagesTotal download size: 175 kInstalled size: 325 kDownloading packages:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 19 MB/s | 175 kB 00:00:00Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction Installing : 2:xinetd-2.3.15-14.el7.x86_64 1/2 Installing : tftp-server-5.2-22.el7.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : tftp-server-5.2-22.el7.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : 2:xinetd-2.3.15-14.el7.x86_64 2/2Installed: tftp-server.x86_64 0:5.2-22.el7 xinetd.x86_64 2:2.3.15-14.el7Complete!#修改TFTP服务的配置文件[root@gbase8c_5_114 yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/xinetd.d/tftp# default: off# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer /# protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless /# workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, /# and to start the installation process for some operating systems.service tftp{ socket_type = dgram protocol = udp wait = no user = root server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot disable = no per_source = 11 cps = 100 2 flags = IPv4}#启动和关闭服务 systemctl start tftpsystemctl enable tftpsystemctl start xinetdsystemctl enable xinetd1.2 安装DHCP服务
[root@gbase8c_5_114 yum.repos.d]# yum -y install dhcpLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfileResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package dhcp.x86_64 12:4.2.5-79.el7.centos will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved=============================================================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size===============================================================================================================================================================================================================Installing: dhcp x86_64 12:4.2.5-79.el7.centos base 515 kTransaction Summary===============================================================================================================================================================================================================Install 1 PackageTotal download size: 515 kInstalled size: 1.4 MDownloading packages:Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction Installing : 12:dhcp-4.2.5-79.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : 12:dhcp-4.2.5-79.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1Installed: dhcp.x86_64 12:4.2.5-79.el7.centosComplete!#拷贝dhcp配置文件cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf#修改DHCP服务的配置文件vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf# dhcpd.conf## Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd## option definitions common to all supported networks...option domain-name "example.org";option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;ddns-update-style none; #禁用 DNS 动态更新next-server 172.16.5.114 #指定 TFTP 服务器的地址filename "pxelinux.0"; #指定 PXE 引导程序的文件名default-lease-time 600;max-lease-time 7200;# Use this to enble / disable dynamic dns updates globally.#ddns-update-style none;# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.#authoritative;# Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).log-facility local7;# No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the# DHCP server to understand the network topology.# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.subnet 172.16.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { #声明要分配的网段地址 range 172.16.5.1 172.16.5.252; #设置地址池 #option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org; #option domain-name "internal.example.org"; option routers 172.16.5.1; option broadcast-address 172.16.5.255; #默认网关地址指向TFTP服务器的IP地址 default-lease-time 600; max-lease-time 7200;}#启动dhcp服务systemctl start dhcpd#查看dhcp服务状态systemctl statsu dhcpdUnknown operation 'statsu'.[root@gbase8c_5_114 yum.repos.d]# systemctl status dhcpd● dhcpd.service - DHCPv4 Server Daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/dhcpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Sat 2024-05-11 14:55:20 CST; 11s ago Docs: man:dhcpd(8) man:dhcpd.conf(5) Main PID: 12372 (dhcpd) Status: "Dispatching packets..." CGroup: /system.slice/dhcpd.service └─12372 /usr/sbin/dhcpd -f -cf /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf -user dhcpd -group dhcpd --no-pidMay 11 14:55:29 gbase8c_5_114 dhcpd[12372]: DHCPREQUEST for 172.16.5.3 (172.16.5.114) from 6c:92:bf:17:c4:d0 (6C92BF17C4D0) via ens192May 11 14:55:29 gbase8c_5_114 dhcpd[12372]: DHCPACK on 172.16.5.3 to 6c:92:bf:17:c4:d0 (6C92BF17C4D0) via ens192May 11 14:55:30 gbase8c_5_114 dhcpd[12372]: DHCPDISCOVER from 6c:92:bf:17:c4:d0 (6C92BF17C4D0) via ens192May 11 14:55:30 gbase8c_5_114 dhcpd[12372]: DHCPOFFER on 172.16.5.3 to 6c:92:bf:17:c4:d0 (6C92BF17C4D0) via ens192May 11 14:55:30 gbase8c_5_114 dhcpd[12372]: DHCPREQUEST for 172.16.5.3 (172.16.5.114) from 6c:92:bf:17:c4:d0 (6C92BF17C4D0) via ens192May 11 14:55:30 gbase8c_5_114 dhcpd[12372]: DHCPACK on 172.16.5.3 to 6c:92:bf:17:c4:d0 (6C92BF17C4D0) via ens192May 11 14:55:31 gbase8c_5_114 dhcpd[12372]: DHCPDISCOVER from 6c:92:bf:17:c4:d0 (6C92BF17C4D0) via ens192May 11 14:55:31 gbase8c_5_114 dhcpd[12372]: DHCPOFFER on 172.16.5.3 to 6c:92:bf:17:c4:d0 (6C92BF17C4D0) via ens192May 11 14:55:31 gbase8c_5_114 dhcpd[12372]: DHCPREQUEST for 172.16.5.3 (172.16.5.114) from 6c:92:bf:17:c4:d0 (6C92BF17C4D0) via ens192May 11 14:55:31 gbase8c_5_114 dhcpd[12372]: DHCPACK on 172.16.5.3 to 6c:92:bf:17:c4:d0 (6C92BF17C4D0) via ens192#配置开机自启[root@gbase8c_5_114 yum.repos.d]# systemctl enable dhcpdCreated symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/dhcpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/dhcpd.service.1.3 准备 Linux 内核、初始化镜像文件、 PXE 引导程序、安装FTP服务并准备安装源
#准备内核和初始化镜像文件[root@gbase8c_5_114 mnt]# cd /mnt/cdrom/images/pxeboot/ #已事先把光盘挂载到/mnt/cdrom目录中[root@gbase8c_5_114 pxeboot]# cp vmlinuz /var/lib/tftpboot/ && cp initrd.img /var/lib/tftpboot/ #复制Linux系统的内核文件和初始化镜像文件（linux引导加载模块）到TFTP根目录下#准备pxe引导程序[root@gbase8c_5_114 pxeboot]# yum -y install syslinuxLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfileResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package syslinux.x86_64 0:4.05-15.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: mtools for package: syslinux-4.05-15.el7.x86_64--> Running transaction check---> Package mtools.x86_64 0:4.0.18-5.el7 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved=============================================================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size===============================================================================================================================================================================================================Installing: syslinux x86_64 4.05-15.el7 base 990 kInstalling for dependencies: mtools x86_64 4.0.18-5.el7 base 203 kTransaction Summary===============================================================================================================================================================================================================Install 1 Package (+1 Dependent package)Total download size: 1.2 MInstalled size: 2.6 MDownloading packages:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 112 MB/s | 1.2 MB 00:00:00Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction Installing : mtools-4.0.18-5.el7.x86_64 1/2 Installing : syslinux-4.05-15.el7.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : mtools-4.0.18-5.el7.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : syslinux-4.05-15.el7.x86_64 2/2Installed: syslinux.x86_64 0:4.05-15.el7Dependency Installed: mtools.x86_64 0:4.0.18-5.el7Complete!cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/ #复制PXE引导程序到TFTP根目录下#安装FTP服务并准备安装源[root@gbase8c_5_114 pxeboot]# yum -y install vsftpdLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfileResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-27.el7 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved=============================================================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size===============================================================================================================================================================================================================Installing: vsftpd x86_64 3.0.2-27.el7 base 172 kTransaction Summary===============================================================================================================================================================================================================Install 1 PackageTotal download size: 172 kInstalled size: 353 kDownloading packages:Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction Installing : vsftpd-3.0.2-27.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : vsftpd-3.0.2-27.el7.x86_64 1/1Installed: vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-27.el7Complete![root@gbase8c_5_114 pxeboot]# mkdir /var/ftp/centos7[root@gbase8c_5_114 pxeboot]# cp -rf /mnt/cdrom/* /var/ftp/centos7/[root@gbase8c_5_114 pxeboot]# systemctl start vsftpd[root@gbase8c_5_114 pxeboot]# systemctl enable vsftpdCreated symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.1.4 配置启动菜单文件
默认的启动菜单文件在TFTP根目录的 pxelinux.cfg子目录下，文件名为defaultmkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg [root@gbase8c_5_114 pxeboot]# cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/defaultdefault auto #指定默认入口名称prompt 1 #设置是否等待用户选择，“1”表示等待用户控制label auto #图形安装（默认）引导入口，label 用来定义启动项kernel vmlinuz #kernel 和 append用来定义引导参数append initrd=initrd.img method=ftp://172.16.5.114/centos7label linux text #文本安装引导入口kernel vmlinuzappend text initrd=initrd.img method=ftp://172.16.5.114/centos7label linux rescue #救援模式引导入口kernel vmlinuzappend rescue initrd=initrd.img method=ftp://172.16.5.114/centos71.5 验证PXE网络安装
使用 VMware创建的虚拟机进行测试，虚拟机内存至少需要 2GB，
开启虚拟机，在提示字符串“boot:”后直接按Enter键（或执行“auto”命令），将会自动通过网络下载安装文件，并进入默认的图形安装入口
若执行“linux text”命令，则进入文本安装入口
若执行 “linux rescue”命令，则进入救援模式
2. 部署Kickstart无人值守安装
2.1 安装kickstart
[root@gbase8c_5_114 pxelinux.cfg]# yum install -y system-config-kickstartInstalled: hyphen-en.noarch 0:2.8.6-5.el7 system-config-kickstart.noarch 0:2.9.7-1.el7Dependency Installed: ModemManager-glib.x86_64 0:1.6.10-3.el7_6 avahi-glib.x86_64 0:0.6.31-20.el7 cdparanoia-libs.x86_64 0:10.2-17.el7 enchant.x86_64 1:1.6.0-8.el7 flac-libs.x86_64 0:1.3.0-5.el7_1 geoclue2.x86_64 0:2.4.8-1.el7 gnome-python2.x86_64 0:2.28.1-14.el7 gnome-python2-canvas.x86_64 0:2.28.1-14.el7 gsm.x86_64 0:1.0.13-11.el7 gstreamer1.x86_64 0:1.10.4-2.el7 gstreamer1-plugins-bad-free.x86_64 0:1.10.4-3.el7 gstreamer1-plugins-base.x86_64 0:1.10.4-2.el7 harfbuzz-icu.x86_64 0:1.7.5-2.el7 hyphen.x86_64 0:2.8.6-5.el7 iso-codes.noarch 0:3.46-2.el7 libXv.x86_64 0:1.0.11-1.el7 libart_lgpl.x86_64 0:2.3.21-10.el7 libdvdnav.x86_64 0:5.0.3-1.el7 libdvdread.x86_64 0:5.0.3-3.el7 libglade2.x86_64 0:2.6.4-11.el7 libglvnd-gles.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7 libgnomecanvas.x86_64 0:2.30.3-8.el7 libmpcdec.x86_64 0:1.2.6-12.el7 libsecret.x86_64 0:0.18.6-1.el7 libsndfile.x86_64 0:1.0.25-11.el7 libsrtp.x86_64 0:1.4.4-10.20101004cvs.el7 libvisual.x86_64 0:0.4.0-16.el7 libwebp.x86_64 0:0.3.0-7.el7 opus.x86_64 0:1.0.2-6.el7 orc.x86_64 0:0.4.26-1.el7 pycairo.x86_64 0:1.8.10-8.el7 pygtk2.x86_64 0:2.24.0-9.el7 pygtk2-libglade.x86_64 0:2.24.0-9.el7 rarian.x86_64 0:0.8.1-11.el7 rarian-compat.x86_64 0:0.8.1-11.el7 soundtouch.x86_64 0:1.4.0-9.el7 system-config-date.noarch 0:1.10.6-3.el7.centos system-config-date-docs.noarch 0:1.0.11-4.el7 system-config-keyboard.noarch 0:1.4.0-5.el7 system-config-keyboard-base.noarch 0:1.4.0-5.el7 system-config-language.noarch 0:1.4.0-9.el7 usermode-gtk.x86_64 0:1.111-6.el7 webkitgtk4.x86_64 0:2.22.7-2.el7 webkitgtk4-jsc.x86_64 0:2.22.7-2.el7 webkitgtk4-plugin-process-gtk2.x86_64 0:2.22.7-2.el7 yelp.x86_64 2:3.28.1-1.el7 yelp-libs.x86_64 2:3.28.1-1.el7 yelp-xsl.noarch 0:3.28.0-1.el7Complete!2.2 安装图形化桌面（如已安装可忽略）
#查看可安装组件[root@gbase8c_5_114 pxelinux.cfg]# yum grouplistLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksThere is no installed groups file.Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfileAvailable Environment Groups: Minimal Install Compute Node Infrastructure Server File and Print Server Basic Web Server Virtualization Host Server with GUI GNOME Desktop KDE Plasma Workspaces Development and Creative WorkstationAvailable Groups: Compatibility Libraries Console Internet Tools Development Tools Graphical Administration Tools Legacy UNIX Compatibility Scientific Support Security Tools Smart Card Support System Administration Tools System ManagementDone#安装GNOME Desktop（626个包）[root@gbase8c_5_114 pxelinux.cfg]# yum groupinstall -y "GNOME Desktop"Installed: ModemManager.x86_64 0:1.6.10-3.el7_6 NetworkManager-adsl.x86_64 1:1.18.4-3.el7 NetworkManager-bluetooth.x86_64 1:1.18.4-3.el7 NetworkManager-libreswan-gnome.x86_64 0:1.2.4-2.el7 NetworkManager-ppp.x86_64 1:1.18.4-3.el7 NetworkManager-wifi.x86_64 1:1.18.4-3.el7 NetworkManager-wwan.x86_64 1:1.18.4-3.el7 PackageKit-command-not-found.x86_64 0:1.1.10-2.el7.centos PackageKit-gstreamer-plugin.x86_64 0:1.1.10-2.el7.centos PackageKit-gtk3-module.x86_64 0:1.1.10-2.el7.centos abrt-desktop.x86_64 0:2.1.11-57.el7.centos alsa-plugins-pulseaudio.x86_64 0:1.1.6-1.el7 alsa-utils.x86_64 0:1.1.8-2.el7 avahi.x86_64 0:0.6.31-20.el7 baobab.x86_64 0:3.28.0-2.el7 cheese.x86_64 2:3.28.0-1.el7 cjkuni-uming-fonts.noarch 0:0.2.20080216.1-53.el7 colord.x86_64 0:1.3.4-2.el7 compat-cheese314.x86_64 0:3.14.2-1.el7 control-center.x86_64 1:3.28.1-6.el7 cups.x86_64 1:1.6.3-43.el7 cups-pk-helper.x86_64 0:0.2.6-2.el7 dejavu-sans-mono-fonts.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7 dejavu-serif-fonts.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7 dvd+rw-tools.x86_64 0:7.1-15.el7 empathy.x86_64 0:3.12.13-1.el7 enscript.x86_64 0:1.6.6-7.el7 eog.x86_64 0:3.28.3-1.el7 evince.x86_64 0:3.28.2-9.el7 evince-nautilus.x86_64 0:3.28.2-9.el7 file-roller.x86_64 0:3.28.1-2.el7 file-roller-nautilus.x86_64 0:3.28.1-2.el7 firefox.x86_64 0:68.5.0-2.el7.centos firewall-config.noarch 0:0.6.3-8.el7 firstboot.x86_64 0:19.12-1.el7 gdm.x86_64 1:3.28.2-22.el7 gedit.x86_64 2:3.28.1-1.el7 ghostscript-cups.x86_64 0:9.25-2.el7_7.3 glx-utils.x86_64 0:8.3.0-10.el7 gnome-bluetooth.x86_64 1:3.28.2-1.el7 gnome-boxes.x86_64 0:3.28.5-4.el7 gnome-calculator.x86_64 0:3.28.2-1.el7 gnome-classic-session.noarch 0:3.28.1-11.el7 gnome-clocks.x86_64 0:3.28.0-1.el7 gnome-color-manager.x86_64 0:3.28.0-1.el7 gnome-contacts.x86_64 0:3.28.2-1.el7 gnome-dictionary.x86_64 0:3.26.1-2.el7 gnome-disk-utility.x86_64 0:3.28.3-1.el7 gnome-font-viewer.x86_64 0:3.28.0-1.el7 gnome-getting-started-docs.noarch 0:3.28.2-1.el7 gnome-icon-theme.noarch 0:3.12.0-1.el7 gnome-icon-theme-extras.noarch 0:3.12.0-1.el7 gnome-icon-theme-symbolic.noarch 0:3.12.0-2.el7 gnome-initial-setup.x86_64 0:3.28.0-2.el7 gnome-packagekit.x86_64 0:3.28.0-1.el7 gnome-packagekit-updater.x86_64 0:3.28.0-1.el7 gnome-screenshot.x86_64 0:3.26.0-1.el7 gnome-session.x86_64 0:3.28.1-7.el7 gnome-session-xsession.x86_64 0:3.28.1-7.el7 gnome-settings-daemon.x86_64 0:3.28.1-8.el7 gnome-shell.x86_64 0:3.28.3-24.el7 gnome-software.x86_64 0:3.28.2-3.el7 gnome-system-log.x86_64 1:3.9.90-3.el7 gnome-system-monitor.x86_64 0:3.28.2-1.el7 gnome-terminal.x86_64 0:3.28.2-2.el7 gnome-terminal-nautilus.x86_64 0:3.28.2-2.el7 gnome-themes-standard.x86_64 0:3.28-2.el7 gnome-tweak-tool.noarch 0:3.28.1-7.el7 gnome-user-docs.noarch 0:3.28.2-1.el7 gnome-weather.noarch 0:3.26.0-1.el7 gnu-free-mono-fonts.noarch 0:20120503-8.el7 gnu-free-sans-fonts.noarch 0:20120503-8.el7 gnu-free-serif-fonts.noarch 0:20120503-8.el7 google-crosextra-caladea-fonts.noarch 0:1.002-0.4.20130214.el7 google-crosextra-carlito-fonts.noarch 0:1.103-0.2.20130920.el7 google-noto-emoji-fonts.noarch 0:20180508-4.el7 gstreamer-plugins-bad-free.x86_64 0:0.10.23-23.el7 gstreamer-plugins-good.x86_64 0:0.10.31-13.el7 gstreamer1-plugins-good.x86_64 0:1.10.4-2.el7 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0:0.3.1-9.el7 libkkc-common.noarch 0:0.3.1-9.el7 libkkc-data.x86_64 0:0.3.1-9.el7 liblouis.x86_64 0:2.5.2-12.el7_4 liblouis-python.noarch 0:2.5.2-12.el7_4 libmbim.x86_64 0:1.14.2-1.el7 libmbim-utils.x86_64 0:1.14.2-1.el7 libmediaart.x86_64 0:1.9.4-1.el7 libmtp.x86_64 0:1.1.14-1.el7 libmusicbrainz5.x86_64 0:5.0.1-9.el7 libnice.x86_64 0:0.1.3-4.el7 libnm-gtk.x86_64 0:1.8.6-2.el7 libnma.x86_64 0:1.8.6-2.el7 liboauth.x86_64 0:0.9.7-4.el7 libofa.x86_64 0:0.9.3-24.el7 libosinfo.x86_64 0:1.1.0-5.el7 libpeas.x86_64 0:1.22.0-1.el7 libpeas-gtk.x86_64 0:1.22.0-1.el7 libpeas-loader-python.x86_64 0:1.22.0-1.el7 libpinyin.x86_64 0:0.9.93-4.el7 libpinyin-data.x86_64 0:0.9.93-4.el7 libplist.x86_64 0:1.12-3.el7 libpurple.x86_64 0:2.10.11-8.el7 libqmi.x86_64 0:1.18.0-2.el7 libqmi-utils.x86_64 0:1.18.0-2.el7 librados2.x86_64 1:10.2.5-4.el7 libraw1394.x86_64 0:2.1.0-2.el7 librbd1.x86_64 1:10.2.5-4.el7 libreport-anaconda.x86_64 0:2.1.11-53.el7.centos libreport-plugin-bugzilla.x86_64 0:2.1.11-53.el7.centos libreport-plugin-reportuploader.x86_64 0:2.1.11-53.el7.centos libreport-rhel-anaconda-bugzilla.x86_64 0:2.1.11-53.el7.centos libreswan.x86_64 0:3.25-8.1.el7_7 libsamplerate.x86_64 0:0.1.8-6.el7 libsemanage-python.x86_64 0:2.5-14.el7 libshout.x86_64 0:2.2.2-11.el7 libsigc++20.x86_64 0:2.10.0-1.el7 libsmbios.x86_64 0:2.3.3-8.el7 libspectre.x86_64 0:0.2.8-1.el7 libtimezonemap.x86_64 0:0.4.4-1.el7 libudisks2.x86_64 0:2.8.4-1.el7 libusal.x86_64 0:1.1.11-25.el7 libusbmuxd.x86_64 0:1.0.10-5.el7 libuser-python.x86_64 0:0.60-9.el7 libv4l.x86_64 0:0.9.5-4.el7 libva.x86_64 0:1.8.3-1.el7 libva-devel.x86_64 0:1.8.3-1.el7 libvirt-daemon.x86_64 0:4.5.0-33.el7 libvirt-daemon-config-network.x86_64 0:4.5.0-33.el7 libvirt-daemon-driver-interface.x86_64 0:4.5.0-33.el7 libvirt-daemon-driver-network.x86_64 0:4.5.0-33.el7 libvirt-daemon-driver-nodedev.x86_64 0:4.5.0-33.el7 libvirt-daemon-driver-nwfilter.x86_64 0:4.5.0-33.el7 libvirt-daemon-driver-qemu.x86_64 0:4.5.0-33.el7 libvirt-daemon-driver-secret.x86_64 0:4.5.0-33.el7 libvirt-daemon-driver-storage.x86_64 0:4.5.0-33.el7 libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-core.x86_64 0:4.5.0-33.el7 libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-disk.x86_64 0:4.5.0-33.el7 libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-gluster.x86_64 0:4.5.0-33.el7 libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-iscsi.x86_64 0:4.5.0-33.el7 libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-logical.x86_64 0:4.5.0-33.el7 libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-mpath.x86_64 0:4.5.0-33.el7 libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-rbd.x86_64 0:4.5.0-33.el7 libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-scsi.x86_64 0:4.5.0-33.el7 libvirt-daemon-kvm.x86_64 0:4.5.0-33.el7 libvirt-gconfig.x86_64 0:1.0.0-1.el7 libvirt-glib.x86_64 0:1.0.0-1.el7 libvirt-gobject.x86_64 0:1.0.0-1.el7 libvirt-libs.x86_64 0:4.5.0-33.el7 libwacom.x86_64 0:0.30-1.el7 libwacom-data.noarch 0:0.30-1.el7 libwinpr.x86_64 0:2.0.0-1.rc4.el7 libwnck3.x86_64 0:3.24.1-2.el7 libwvstreams.x86_64 0:4.6.1-11.el7 libxcb-devel.x86_64 0:1.13-1.el7 libxkbcommon-x11.x86_64 0:0.7.1-3.el7 libxkbfile.x86_64 0:1.0.9-3.el7 libxklavier.x86_64 0:5.4-7.el7 llvm-private.x86_64 0:7.0.1-1.el7 lockdev.x86_64 0:1.0.4-0.13.20111007git.el7 lzop.x86_64 0:1.03-10.el7 m17n-lib.x86_64 0:1.6.4-14.el7 marisa.x86_64 0:0.2.4-4.el7 meanwhile.x86_64 0:1.1.0-12.el7 mesa-filesystem.x86_64 0:18.3.4-7.el7 mesa-libxatracker.x86_64 0:18.3.4-7.el7 mobile-broadband-provider-info.noarch 0:1.20170310-1.el7 mozjs52.x86_64 0:52.9.0-1.el7 mpg123-libs.x86_64 0:1.25.6-1.el7 mtdev.x86_64 0:1.1.5-5.el7 mutter.x86_64 0:3.28.3-20.el7 nautilus-extensions.x86_64 0:3.26.3.1-7.el7 ncompress.x86_64 0:4.2.4.4-3.el7 ndctl.x86_64 0:65-5.el7 ndctl-libs.x86_64 0:65-5.el7 netcf-libs.x86_64 0:0.2.8-4.el7 nhn-nanum-fonts-common.noarch 0:3.020-9.el7 nmap-ncat.x86_64 2:6.40-19.el7 numad.x86_64 0:0.5-18.20150602git.el7 opencc.x86_64 0:0.4.3-3.el7 openjpeg-libs.x86_64 0:1.5.1-18.el7 osinfo-db.noarch 0:20190805-2.el7 osinfo-db-tools.x86_64 0:1.1.0-1.el7 pangomm.x86_64 0:2.40.1-1.el7 paps-libs.x86_64 0:0.6.8-28.el7.1 pcre2.x86_64 0:10.23-2.el7 pcre2-utf16.x86_64 0:10.23-2.el7 pinentry-gtk.x86_64 0:0.8.1-17.el7 plymouth-graphics-libs.x86_64 0:0.8.9-0.33.20140113.el7.centos plymouth-plugin-label.x86_64 0:0.8.9-0.33.20140113.el7.centos plymouth-plugin-two-step.x86_64 0:0.8.9-0.33.20140113.el7.centos plymouth-theme-charge.x86_64 0:0.8.9-0.33.20140113.el7.centos policycoreutils-python.x86_64 0:2.5-34.el7 poppler.x86_64 0:0.26.5-42.el7 poppler-data.noarch 0:0.4.6-3.el7 poppler-glib.x86_64 0:0.26.5-42.el7 poppler-utils.x86_64 0:0.26.5-42.el7 pulseaudio-gdm-hooks.x86_64 0:10.0-5.el7 pulseaudio-libs.x86_64 0:10.0-5.el7 pulseaudio-libs-glib2.x86_64 0:10.0-5.el7 pulseaudio-module-bluetooth.x86_64 0:10.0-5.el7 python-IPy.noarch 0:0.75-6.el7 python-brlapi.x86_64 0:0.6.0-16.el7 python-coverage.x86_64 0:3.6-0.5.b3.el7 python-cups.x86_64 0:1.9.63-6.el7 python-deltarpm.x86_64 0:3.6-3.el7 python-di.noarch 0:0.3-2.el7 python-gobject.x86_64 0:3.22.0-1.el7_4.1 python-inotify.noarch 0:0.9.4-4.el7 python-meh.noarch 0:0.25.3-1.el7 python-meh-gui.noarch 0:0.25.3-1.el7 python-ntplib.noarch 0:0.3.2-1.el7 python-pwquality.x86_64 0:1.2.3-5.el7 python2-pyatspi.noarch 0:2.26.0-3.el7 python2-subprocess32.x86_64 0:3.2.6-14.el7 pytz.noarch 0:2016.10-2.el7 qemu-img.x86_64 10:1.5.3-173.el7 qemu-kvm.x86_64 10:1.5.3-173.el7 qemu-kvm-common.x86_64 10:1.5.3-173.el7 qpdf-libs.x86_64 0:5.0.1-3.el7 qt5-qtbase.x86_64 0:5.9.7-2.el7 qt5-qtbase-common.noarch 0:5.9.7-2.el7 qt5-qtbase-gui.x86_64 0:5.9.7-2.el7 radvd.x86_64 0:2.17-3.el7 redhat-menus.noarch 0:12.0.2-8.el7 rhino.noarch 0:1.7R5-1.el7 rtkit.x86_64 0:0.11-10.el7 sane-backends.x86_64 0:1.0.24-12.el7 sane-backends-libs.x86_64 0:1.0.24-12.el7 sbc.x86_64 0:1.0-5.el7 seabios-bin.noarch 0:1.11.0-2.el7 seavgabios-bin.noarch 0:1.11.0-2.el7 setools-libs.x86_64 0:3.3.8-4.el7 setroubleshoot-plugins.noarch 0:3.0.67-4.el7 setroubleshoot-server.x86_64 0:3.2.30-8.el7 sgabios-bin.noarch 1:0.20110622svn-4.el7 shim-x64.x86_64 0:15-2.el7.centos skkdic.noarch 0:20130104-6.T1435.el7 smc-fonts-common.noarch 0:6.0-7.el7 sound-theme-freedesktop.noarch 0:0.8-3.el7 sox.x86_64 0:14.4.1-7.el7 speech-dispatcher.x86_64 0:0.7.1-15.el7 speech-dispatcher-python.x86_64 0:0.7.1-15.el7 speex.x86_64 0:1.2-0.19.rc1.el7 spice-glib.x86_64 0:0.35-5.el7 spice-gtk3.x86_64 0:0.35-5.el7 spice-server.x86_64 0:0.14.0-9.el7 system-config-printer-libs.noarch 0:1.4.1-23.el7 taglib.x86_64 0:1.8-8.20130218git.el7 tagsoup.noarch 0:1.2.1-8.el7 telepathy-farstream.x86_64 0:0.6.0-5.el7 telepathy-filesystem.noarch 0:0.0.2-6.el7 telepathy-gabble.x86_64 0:0.18.1-4.el7 telepathy-glib.x86_64 0:0.24.1-1.el7 telepathy-haze.x86_64 0:0.8.0-1.el7 telepathy-logger.x86_64 0:0.8.0-5.el7 telepathy-mission-control.x86_64 1:5.16.3-3.el7 telepathy-salut.x86_64 0:0.8.1-6.el7 thai-scalable-fonts-common.noarch 0:0.5.0-7.el7 tigervnc-license.noarch 0:1.8.0-19.el7 tigervnc-server-minimal.x86_64 0:1.8.0-19.el7 totem-pl-parser.x86_64 0:3.26.1-1.el7 tracker.x86_64 0:1.10.5-8.el7 udisks2.x86_64 0:2.8.4-1.el7 unbound-libs.x86_64 0:1.6.6-3.el7 upower.x86_64 0:0.99.7-1.el7 usbmuxd.x86_64 0:1.1.0-1.el7 usbredir.x86_64 0:0.7.1-3.el7 volume_key-libs.x86_64 0:0.3.9-9.el7 vorbis-tools.x86_64 1:1.4.0-13.el7 vte-profile.x86_64 0:0.52.2-2.el7 vte291.x86_64 0:0.52.2-2.el7 wavpack.x86_64 0:4.60.1-9.el7 wayland-devel.x86_64 0:1.15.0-1.el7 webkitgtk3.x86_64 0:2.4.11-2.el7 webrtc-audio-processing.x86_64 0:0.3-1.el7 xcb-util-image.x86_64 0:0.4.0-2.el7 xcb-util-keysyms.x86_64 0:0.4.0-1.el7 xcb-util-renderutil.x86_64 0:0.3.9-3.el7 xcb-util-wm.x86_64 0:0.4.1-5.el7 xdg-desktop-portal.x86_64 0:1.0.2-1.el7 xdg-user-dirs.x86_64 0:0.15-5.el7 xorg-x11-drv-ati.x86_64 0:19.0.1-3.el7 xorg-x11-drv-dummy.x86_64 0:0.3.7-1.el7.1 xorg-x11-drv-evdev.x86_64 0:2.10.6-1.el7 xorg-x11-drv-fbdev.x86_64 0:0.5.0-1.el7 xorg-x11-drv-intel.x86_64 0:2.99.917-28.20180530.el7 xorg-x11-drv-nouveau.x86_64 1:1.0.15-1.el7 xorg-x11-drv-qxl.x86_64 0:0.1.5-5.el7 xorg-x11-drv-synaptics.x86_64 0:1.9.0-2.el7 xorg-x11-drv-v4l.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7 xorg-x11-drv-vesa.x86_64 0:2.4.0-3.el7 xorg-x11-drv-vmmouse.x86_64 0:13.1.0-1.el7.1 xorg-x11-drv-vmware.x86_64 0:13.2.1-1.el7.1 xorg-x11-drv-void.x86_64 0:1.4.1-2.el7.1 xorg-x11-drv-wacom.x86_64 0:0.36.1-3.el7 xorg-x11-proto-devel.noarch 0:2018.4-1.el7 xorg-x11-server-common.x86_64 0:1.20.4-10.el7 xorg-x11-xkb-utils.x86_64 0:7.7-14.el7 zenity.x86_64 0:3.28.1-1.el7Complete!#查看当前是哪种模式systemctl get-default#开机启动图形界面systemctl set-default graphical.target(图形界面)#开机启动字符界面模式systemctl set-default multi-user.target(字符界面模式）#切换成图形界面后，启动Kickstart[root@gbase8c_5_114 ~]# system-config-kickstart/usr/share/system-config-kickstart/kickstartGui.py:104: GtkWarning: GtkSpinButton: setting an adjustment with non-zero page size is deprecated xml = gtk.glade.XML ("/usr/share/system-config-kickstart/system-config-kickstart.glade", domain="system-config-kickstart")Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks启动后弹出界面：
ps：使用mobaxterm可以在ssh中选择Gnome模式进行图形化链接
2.3 配置kickstart选项
1.基本配置
默认语言设为”English(USA)”
时区设为“Asia/Shanghai”
设置root密码
高级配置中勾选“安装后重启”
2.安装方法
方式选择FTP
FTP服务器：ftp://172.16.5.114
FTP目录：centos7
3.引导装载程序选项
“安装类型”：安装新引导装载程序
“安装选项”：在主引导记录（MBR）中安装引导装载程序
4.分区信息
主引导记录：清除主引导记录
分区：删除所有现存分区
磁盘标签：初始化磁盘标签
布局：添加分区
挂载点：/boot，文件系统类型：xfs，固定大小：自定义M
文件系统类型：swap，固定大小：自定义M
挂载点：/，文件系统类型：xfs，使用磁盘上全部未使用空间
5.网络配置
添加网络设备“ens**”
网络类型设为“DHCP”
6.防火墙配置
禁用防火墙
7.安装后脚本
勾选“使用解释程序”：/bin/bash
编写配置yum源的脚本：
8.保存自动应答文件
选择“Kickstart 配置程序”窗口的“文件”–>“保存”命令，选择指定保存位置，文件名为ks.cfg
默认保存在/root/ks.cfg
cp /root/ks.cfg /var/ftp/ks.cfg
9.配置需要安装的软件包
可以根据需要将/root/anaconda-ks.cfg 的软件包安装脚本复制到 ks.cfg文件中，只需要复制%packages 到%end 部分即可。
复制信息添加到ks.cfg最后即可。
[root@gbase8c_5_114 ~]# cat anaconda-ks.cfg#version=DEVEL# System authorization informationauth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512# Use CDROM installation mediacdrom# Use graphical installgraphical# Run the Setup Agent on first bootfirstboot --enableignoredisk --only-use=sda# Keyboard layoutskeyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'# System languagelang en_US.UTF-8# Network informationnetwork --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens192 --onboot=off --ipv6=auto --no-activatenetwork --hostname=localhost# Root passwordrootpw --iscrypted $6$qM7qyGcbvpdjfw9Z$ZEp7CTVQOrXa7nmpDEIVTrjQxw8u/m.5ry/5XDc3beNWr8ilbZO/M7IkVVclz7/p0BBlsTUgTxRGOv7T7NN28/# System servicesservices --disabled="chronyd"# System timezonetimezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp# System bootloader configurationbootloader --append=" crashkernel=auto" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sdaautopart --type=lvm# Partition clearing informationclearpart --none --initlabel%packages@^compute-node-environment@base@compat-libraries@core@debugging@development@directory-client@guest-agents@hardware-monitoring@infiniband@network-file-system-client@performance@remote-system-management@scientific@security-tools@smart-card@system-admin-toolskexec-tools%end%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'%end%anacondapwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notemptypwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyokpwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty%end[root@gbase8c_5_114 ~]# vim ks.cfg[root@gbase8c_5_114 ~]#[root@gbase8c_5_114 ~]# cat ks.cfg#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T#version=DEVEL# Install OS instead of upgradeinstall# Keyboard layoutskeyboard 'us'# Root passwordrootpw --iscrypted $1$5Ghs3q/5$DGbUl.0FtPAyfvnFAO/dX.# System languagelang en_US# System authorization informationauth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512# Use CDROM installation mediacdrom# Use graphical installgraphicalfirstboot --disable# SELinux configurationselinux --disabled# Firewall configurationfirewall --disabled# Network informationnetwork --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens192# Halt after installationhalt# System timezonetimezone Asia/Hong_Kong# System bootloader configurationbootloader --location=mbr# Clear the Master Boot Recordzerombr# Partition clearing informationclearpart --all --initlabel# Disk partitioning informationpart /boot --fstype="xfs" --size=1024part / --fstype="xfs" --grow --size=1part swap --fstype="swap" --size=10240%post --interpreter=/bin/bashmkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bakmv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/bakecho '[local]name=localbaseurl=file:///mnt/cdromenabled=1gpgcheck=0' > /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Basel.repo%endckages@^compute-node-environment@base@compat-libraries@core@debugging@development@directory-client@guest-agents@hardware-monitoring@infiniband@network-file-system-client@performance@remote-system-management@scientific@security-tools@smart-card@system-admin-toolskexec-tools%end10.编辑引导菜单文件 default，添加 ks 引导参数
[root@gbase8c_5_114 ~]# cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/defaultdefault auto #指定默认入口名称prompt 1 #设置是否等待用户选择，“1”表示等待用户控制label auto #图形安装（默认）引导入口，label 用来定义启动项kernel vmlinuz #kernel 和 append用来定义引导参数append initrd=initrd.img method=ftp://172.16.5.114/centos7 ks=ftp://172.16.5.114/ks.cfglabel linux text #文本安装引导入口kernel vmlinuzappend text initrd=initrd.img method=ftp://172.16.5.114/centos7 ks=ftp://172.16.5.114/ks.cfglabel linux rescue #救援模式引导入口kernel vmlinuzappend rescue initrd=initrd.img method=ftp://172.16.5.114/centos7 ks=ftp://172.16.5.114/ks.cfg11.验证无人值守安装
