Mac快速搭建前端环境&创建前端项目
官网:
- vue:https://cn.vuejs.org/
- vue-router:https://www.axios-http.cn/
- pinia:https://pinia.vuejs.org/zh/getting-started.html
- axios:https://www.axios-http.cn/
- ant-design:https://www.antdv.com/
1 开发环境搭建
①安装node(nvm)
下载:https://nodejs.org/en
Mac可以安装配置nvm(管理node的工具)
- https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm
- 如果安装过程中出现443,表明可能被墙了
- 解决:打开网站https://www.ipaddress.com/
查询一下 raw.githubusercontent.com对应的IP 地址,然后修改本机的vim /etc/hosts文件
185.199.108.133 raw.githubusercontent.com
### nvm安装及使用curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash# 配置环境变量export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && . "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh"# 完成后输入nvm,出现node version manger表示安装成功nvm# 使用:## 1 安装node( nvm ls-remote | grep 18 查看有哪些node版本)nvm install 13.0.1## 2 查看是否安装成功nvm list | grep 13## 3 切换版本nvm use 13.0.1
②配置npm
# 配置npmnpm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com #设置国内阿里云镜像源npm config get registry #查看镜像源npm init: 项目初始化;npm init -y:默认一路yes,不用挨个输入信息npm install 包名:安装js包到项目中(仅当前项目有效)。指定 包名,或者 包名@版本号npm install -g: 全局安装,所有都能用可以去 npm仓库 搜索第三方库npm update 包名:升级包到最新版本npm uninstall 包名:卸载包npm run:项目运行
③安装vite(脚手架)
vite:快速创建前端项目脚手架。包括react、vue等项目
官网:https://cn.vitejs.dev
npm create vite #根据向导选择技术栈npm install #安装项目所有依赖npm install axios #安装指定依赖到当前项目npm install -g xxx # 全局安装# 项目启动npm run dev #启动项目# 项目打包## 前后分离方式:需要把 dist 文件夹内容部署到如 nginx 之类的服务器上。## 前后不分离方式:把 dist 文件夹内容复制到 SpringBoot 项目 resources 下面npm run build #构建后 生成 dist 文件夹
问题:如果出现报错:node:77305) Warning: require() of ES modules is not supported.,表明node版本过低不支持。通过nvm升级node版本即可。nvm use v18.20.2
④vue浏览器插件:Vue.js devtools
使用:
⑤VSCode/WebStorm
- VSCode官网(轻量级):https://code.visualstudio.com/Download
- WebStorm官网:https://www.jetbrains.com/webstorm/download/#section=mac
2 快速搭建简易登录页面
使用技术:vue+vue-router-pinia+axios+ant-design
官网:
- vue:https://cn.vuejs.org/
- vue-router:https://www.axios-http.cn/
- pinia:https://pinia.vuejs.org/zh/getting-started.html
- axios:https://www.axios-http.cn/
- ant-design:https://www.antdv.com/
🚀全部代码
:https://github.com/ziyifast/ziyifast-code_instruction/tree/main/front_demo/vue/vue-all
2.1 创建vue项目
①vite创建vue基础项目
# 创建vue项目npm create vite# 进入项目并安装依赖cd vue-allnpm install# 启动项目npm run dev
②引入ant-design
//安装依赖npm i --save ant-design-vue@4.x//main.js中注册使用import { createApp } from 'vue';import App from './App';import Antd from 'ant-design-vue';import 'ant-design-vue/dist/reset.css';const app = createApp(App);app.use(Antd).mount('#app');
2.2 使用ant-design快速搭建页面
①vue及路由配置
App.vue
<script></script><template> <div> <router-view/> </div></template><style scoped></style>
views/LoginVue.vue
<script>import {login} from "@/api/user.js";export default { data() { return { loginUser: { username: 'admin', password: 'admin', }, }; }, methods: { userLogin(){ login(this.loginUser).then(res => { console.log(res.status) if(res.status === 200){ alert('登录成功') this.$router.push({path: `/userInfo/`}) } }, error => { alert('登录失败') }) } },}</script><template> <div class="loginContainer"> <div class="loginHeader"> <span style="color: #2b92e4">ziyi后台管理系统</span> </div> <div class="loginMainWrapper"> <div class="loginWrapper"> <div class="loginTipsWrapper" style="color: #ffffff"> <span class="siteSummaryTitle">ziy后台管理系统</span> <div class="siteSummary"> <ul> <li> <a-icon type="check-square" style="margin-right: 10px"/> <span>统一方便的资源管理</span></li> <li> <a-icon type="check-square" style="margin-right: 10px"/> <span>友好的界面展示,基于AntDesign组件库</span></li> <li> <a-icon type="check-square" style="margin-right: 10px"/> <span>前后端分离,便于维护</span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="loginBoxWrapper" align="center"> <a-form-model :model="loginUser" style="width: 100%"> <a-form-model-item style="color: palevioletred;text-align: center"> <h1>欢迎登录</h1> </a-form-model-item> <a-form-model-item> <a-input v-model:value="loginUser.username" placeholder="账号"> <a-icon slot="prefix" type="user" style="color:rgba(0,0,0,.25)"/> </a-input> </a-form-model-item> <a-form-model-item> <a-input v-model:value="loginUser.password" type="password" placeholder="密码"> <a-icon slot="prefix" type="lock" style="color:rgba(0,0,0,.25)"/> </a-input> </a-form-model-item> <a-form-model-item> </a-form-model-item> <a-form-model-item> <a-button type="primary" html-type="submit" style="width: 100%" @submit.prevent @click="userLogin">立即登录 </a-button> <a-button style="width: 100%;margin-top: 10px">注册账号</a-button> </a-form-model-item> <a-form-model-item style="text-align: center"> <a-space size="large"> <a-icon type="weibo" style="font-size: 2em;cursor: pointer;color:#f50"/> <a-icon type="qq" style="font-size: 2em;cursor: pointer;color:#2b92e4;"/> <a-icon type="github" style="font-size: 2em;cursor: pointer;color:#333;"/> </a-space> </a-form-model-item> </a-form-model> </div> </div> <div class="loginFooter"> © 2020-2024 CoreCmd 版权所有. 川ICP备18063315号-1 川公网安备 52158202001416号 </div> </div> </div></template><style scoped>.loginContainer { width: 100%; position: relative; background-attachment: fixed; background-repeat: no-repeat !important; background-size: cover; background-position: center; padding-top: 105px; min-height: 100%;}.loginHeader { width: 100%; height: 64px; background-color: #ffffff; position: fixed; left: 0; right: 0; top: 0; z-index: 1000; box-shadow: 0 2px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2); display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: flex-start; flex-direction: row; padding: 10px;}.loginHeader span { font-size: 25px; font-weight: 700;}.loginMainWrapper { width: 100%; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; flex-direction: column; align-items: center;}.loginWrapper { width: 90%; display: flex; align-items: flex-start; justify-content: right; flex-direction: row; height: 100%;}.loginFooter { width: 100%; min-height: 64px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: row; text-align: center; color: #ffffff; margin-top: 40px;}.siteSummary ul { list-style: none; padding: 0;}.siteSummary ul li { margin-top: 10px; list-style: none;}@media screen and (min-width: 1200px) { .loginTipsWrapper { padding: 20px 30px; display: flex; align-items: flex-start; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; min-height: 100%; } .loginBoxWrapper { background-color: #ffffff; padding: 20px; width: 400px; height: 100%; border-radius: 5px; }}@media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .loginTipsWrapper { padding: 20px 30px; display: flex; align-items: flex-start; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; } .loginBoxWrapper { background-color: #ffffff; padding: 20px; width: 400px; height: 100%; border-radius: 5px; }}@media screen and (max-width: 768px) { .loginTipsWrapper { display: none; } .loginBoxWrapper { background-color: #ffffff; padding: 20px; width: 100%; border-radius: 5px; }}.siteSummaryTitle { color: #ffffff; font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 700;}.siteSummary { margin-top: 25px; color: #ffffff; font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 300;}</style>
views/UserInfo.vue
<script setup></script><template> <h1>用户中心</h1></template><style scoped></style>
router/index.js
import {createRouter, createWebHistory} from 'vue-router'import UserInfo from "@/views/UserInfo.vue";import LoginVue from "@/views/LoginVue.vue";const router = createRouter({ history: createWebHistory(import.meta.env.BASE_URL), routes: [ { path: '/', //默认展示登录页面 name: 'login', component: LoginVue, }, { path: '/userInfo', name: 'userInfo', component: UserInfo, } ]})export default router
②封装axios(util/http.js)
import axios from "axios";//封装请求const http = axios.create({ baseURL: '/api', timeout: 5000, headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8' }, withCredentials:true, //允许跨域});function get(url, params = {}) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { http.get(url, { params: params }).then(res => { resolve(res.data); }).catch(err => { reject(err.data) }) })}function post(url, data = {}) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { http.post(url, data) .then(response => { resolve(response.data); }) .catch(err => { reject(err) }) })}export default http;
③user.js
import http from '../utils/http.js'export const login = (params) => http.post(`/login`, params)
2.4 vite.config.js解决跨域
import {fileURLToPath, URL} from 'node:url'import {defineConfig} from 'vite'import vue from '@vitejs/plugin-vue'// https://vitejs.dev/config/export default defineConfig({ plugins: [ vue(), ], resolve: { alias: { '@': fileURLToPath(new URL('./src', import.meta.url)) } }, //配置代理 server: { proxy: { '/api': { target: 'http://localhost:8080', // 后端服务器地址 changeOrigin: true, // 是否改变请求域名 rewrite: (path) => path.replace(/^//api/, '')//将原有请求路径中的api替换为'' } } }})
2.4 后端接口(Golang版)
为了代码简洁,这里直接使用硬编码,不再进行连接查询数据库等操作
package mainimport ( "fmt" "github.com/kataras/iris/v12" "github.com/kataras/iris/v12/context" "net/http")func main() { app := iris.New() app.Use(Cors) app.Post("/login", login()) app.Listen(":8080")}func login() func(ctx *context.Context) { return func(ctx *context.Context) { tmp := make(map[string]interface{}) err := ctx.ReadJSON(&tmp) if err != nil { ctx.StatusCode(http.StatusBadRequest) return } username := tmp["username"] password := tmp["password"] fmt.Println("username:", username, "password:", password) if username == "admin" && password == "admin" { ctx.StatusCode(http.StatusOK) return } else { ctx.StatusCode(http.StatusForbidden) return } }}func Cors(ctx iris.Context) { //后端解决跨域 ctx.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*") if ctx.Method() == "OPTIONS" { ctx.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET,POST,PUT,DELETE,PATCH,OPTIONS") ctx.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type, Accept, Authorization") ctx.StatusCode(204) return } ctx.Next()}
2.5 测试
①启动项目
# 在package.json目录下执行命令,运行前端npm run dev# 启动后端go run main.go
前端:
后端:
②验证
- 访问浏览器
- 点击登录按钮,请求后端
- 登录成功,跳转用户中心页面